The ANAO could assess the implementation of one or more aspects of the Australian Government’s environmental protection law reforms. Environmental protection law reforms were passed by the Australian Parliament on 28 November 2025. These reforms were introduced in response to the statutory review of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) conducted by Professor Graeme Samuel AC in 2020. The review found that ‘Australia’s natural environment and iconic places are in an overall state of decline and are under increasing threat’, including from climate change. The review found that the EPBC Act is ineffective, outdated and in need of fundamental reform to address current and future challenges. The reforms are focused on three ‘pillars’: stronger environmental protection and restoration; more efficient and robust project assessments; and greater accountability and transparency in decision making. Key aspects of the reforms include: the introduction of National Environmental Standards; new assessment pathways for environmental approvals; a new framework for restoration; the establishment of the National Environmental Protection Agency; and change to Environment Information Australia.